Introduction
Photogrammetry
The use of a series of photos and commonality of features to create a 3D reconstruction of an object or scene.
LiDAR/Laser (Light Detection and Ranging)
Using light to measure distance and range to calculate 3D depth data, Laser / LiDAR scanners are great for accuracy not so much texture.
3D Computerized tomography - CT Scans using x-rays to capture slices of an object or subject then layers these slices together and extracts depth matte data to create a 3D scan
Some of these are more for scientific measurements
Structured Light
Using a series of patterns and grids light reflection and time to return can be used to calculate 3D depth.
Contact Based
Using microprobes to orbit and touch the surface of an object can be used to measure micro details and the overall shape of an object, used mainly within tool production and stress testing.